Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Volume 64, Issue 5 , Pages 789-793 , May 2006

Facial Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

  • Gaoussou Toure, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Consultant, Department of Medical Ethics, Faculté de médecine Necker, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
    • ,
  • Jean-Paul Meningaud, MD, PhD, FEBOMS

      Affiliations

    • Consultant, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Teaching Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence and reprint requests to Dr Meningaud: Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bd de l’hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
    • ,
  • Jacques-Charles Bertrand, MD

      Affiliations

    • Head, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Teaching Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
    • ,
  • Christian Hervé, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Head, Department of Medical Ethics, Faculté de Médecine Necker, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France.

References 

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  2. Ankeny RA , Kerridge I . On not taking objective risk assessments at face value . Am J Bioethics . 2004;4:35
  3. Baylis F . A face is not just like a hand (Pace barker) . Am J Bioethics . 2004;4:30
  4. Bermudez LE , Santamaria A , Romero T , et al.   Experimental model of facial transplant . Plast Reconstr Surg . 2002;110:1429
  5. Butler PE , Clarke A , Ashcroft RE . Face transplantation (When and for whom?) . Am J Bioethics . 2004;4:16
  6. Bosch X . Surgeon denied ethics approval for face transplantation . Lancet . 2004;363:871
  7. Caplan A . Facing ourselves . Am J Bioethics . 2004;4:18
  8. Chambers T . How to do things with AJOB (The case of facial transplantation) . Am J Bioethics . 2004;4:20
  9. Clark J . Face transplants technically possible, but “very hazardous.” . CMAJ . 2004;170:323
  10. Clark AP . Face transplantation (A medical perspective) . Med Sci Monit . 2005;11:1
  11. Clark AP . Face transplantation, Part II (An ethical perspective) . Med Sci Monit . 2005;11:41
  12. CCNE  . Full or partial face transplants . Bull Med Ethics . 2004;202:9
  13. Demir Y , Ozmen S , Klimczak A , et al.   Tolerance induction in composite facial allograft transplantation in the rat model . Plast Reconstr Surg . 2004;114:1790
  14. Goering S . Facing the consequences of facial transplantation (Individual choices, social effects) . Am J Bioethics . 2004;4:37
  15. Hettiaratchy S , Butler PE . Face transplantation—fantasy or the future? . Lancet . 2002;360:5
  16. Hettiaratchy S , Randolph MA , Petit F , et al.   Composite tissue allotransplantation. A new era in plastic surgery . Br J Plast Surg . 2004;57:381
  17. Kmietowicz Z . Face transplants should not be done without more research . BMJ . 2003;327:1184
  18. Martin J . Transplantation du visage- quels enjeux psychologiques et sociaux et quels enjeux éthiques et juridiques? . Rev Med Suisse . 2005;1:583
  19. Maschke KJ , Trump E . Facial transplantation research (A need for additional deliberation) . Am J Bioethics . 2004;4:33
  20. McDowell N . Surgeons struggle with ethical nightmare of face transplants . Nature . 2002;420:449
  21. Meningaud JP . La greffe de visage (enjeux éthiques) . Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac . 2003;104:131
  22. Morreim EH . About face (Downplaying the role of the press in facial transplantation research) . Am J Bioethics . 2004;4:27
  23. Morris PJ , Bradley JA , Doyal L , et al.   Facial transplantation (A working party report from the Royal College of Surgeons of England) . Transplantation . 2004;77:330
  24. Petit F , Paraskevas A , Minns AB , et al.   Face transplantation where do we stand? . Plast Reconstr Surg . 2004;113:1429
  25. Petit F , Paraskevas A , Garrido I , et al.   La transplantation est-elle l’avenir de la microchirurgie . Ann Chir Plast Esthet . 2005;50:76
  26. Petit F , Paraskevas A , Lantieri L . A surgeon’s perspective on the ethics of face transplantation . Am J Bioeth . 2004;4:14
  27. Rumsey N . Psychological aspects of face transplantation. Read the small print carefully . Am J Bioethics . 2004;4:22
  28. Robertson JA . Face transplants (Enriching the debate) . Am J Bioethics . 2004;4:32
  29. Siemionow M , Agaoglu G . Allotransplantation of the face (How close are we?) . Clin Plast Surg . 2005;32:401
  30. Siemionow M , Ozmen S , Demir Y . Prospects for facial allograft transplantation in humans . Plast Reconstr Surg . 2004;113:1421
  31. Siemionow MZ , Demir Y , Sari A , et al.   Facial tissue allograft transplantation . Transplant Proc . 2005;37:201
  32. Siemionow M , Ozer K , Izycki D , et al.   A new method of bone marrow transplantation leads to extension of skin allograft survival . Transplant Proc . 2005;37:2309
  33. Siemionow M , Demir Y , Mukherjee A , et al.   Development and maintenance of donor-specific chimerism in semi-allogenic and fully major histocompatibility complex mismatched facial allograft transplants . Transplantation . 2005;79:558
  34. Siemionow M , Gozel-Ulusal B , Engin Ulusal A , et al.   Functional tolerance following face transplantation in the rat . Transplantation . 2003;75:1607
  35. Strong C . Should we be putting a good face on facial transplantation? . Am J Bioethics . 2004;4:1
  36. Unal S , Agaoglu G , Zins J , et al.   New surgical approach in facial transplantation extends survival of allograft recipients . Ann Plast Surg . 2005;55:297
  37. Ulusal BG , Ulusal AE , Ozmen S , et al.   A new composite facial and scalp transplantation model in rats . Plast Reconstr Surg . 2003;112:1302
  38. Wiggins OP , Barker JH , Cunningham M , et al.   On the ethics of facial transplant research . Am J Bioethics . 2004;4:1

 Submitted for publication October 2005.

PII: S0278-2391(06)00093-0

doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2006.01.010

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Volume 64, Issue 5 , Pages 789-793 , May 2006

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