Intraoperative Noncontact, Nonionizing, Optical 3D Exophthalmometry During Repositioning of Dislocated Globes: First Results
Purpose
This study reports on the intraoperative use of noncontact, nonionizing, optical 3-dimensional (3D) exophthalmometry during the repositioning of dislocated globes as a result of trauma.
Patients and Methods
Ten patients (4 female, 6 male, 41.4 ± 15.2 years) with a relative enophthalmos of the globe as a result of zygomatic fractures were included in the study. Preoperatively, en- and exophthalmometry data were assessed from axial CT slices and optical 3D imaging. 3D data were analyzed twice for the assessment of measurement errors. Intraoperatively, optical en- and exophthalmometry was carried out to control the globe position. Surgery was considered successful when the relative en- or exophthalmos no longer exceeded 2 mm. Optical 3D en- and exophthalmometry data were reassessed 5 days and 3 months after surgery.
Results
Method error was 0.184 mm for optical 3D en- and exophthalmometry. The preoperatively assessed en- and exophthalmometry data determined from axial CT scans and from optical 3D images did not differ significantly statistically (P = .538). When the preoperative en- and exophthalmometry data were compared to the values assessed at the end of surgery, a significant improvement in globe position was found (P = .005). Although a relative en- or exophthalmos of 2 mm was not exceeded in any of the patients 3 months after surgery, en- and exophthalmometry data differed significantly statistically from the data assessed at the end of the operation (P = .005).
Conclusions
Intraoperative optical en- and exophthalmometry is an effective means to support the surgeon in objectively optimizing the globe position with small measurement errors.
⁎Medical Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
†PhD Student, Chair for Optics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
‡Assistant Professor, Chair for Optics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
§Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
∥Associate Professor, Chair for Optics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
¶Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
⁎⁎Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr Nkenke: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glueckstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
This study was supported by the “Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft” (Special Research Sector 603, Model-Based Analysis and Visualization of Complex Scenes and Sensor Data-Subproject C4).
ABSTRACT