Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Volume 65, Issue 9 , Pages 1693-1699 , September 2007

Facial Fracture Repair in the Traumatic Brain Injury Patient

  • Terry Y. Shibuya, MD

      Affiliations

    • Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Southern California Kaiser-Permanente Medical Group, Orange County, CA.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence and reprint requests to Dr Shibuya: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, 411 Lakeview Ave, Anaheim, CA 92807
    • ,
  • Amir M. Karam, MD

      Affiliations

    • Resident, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine College of Medicine, Orange, CA.
    • ,
  • Timothy Doerr, MD

      Affiliations

    • Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Rochester University School of Medicine, Rochester, NY.
    • ,
  • Robert J. Stachler, MD

      Affiliations

    • Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.
    • ,
  • Michele Zormeier, MD

      Affiliations

    • Resident, Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.
    • ,
  • Robert H. Mathog, MD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.
    • ,
  • Christine L. McLaren, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine College of Medicine, Orange, CA.
    • ,
  • Kuo-Tung Li, MS

      Affiliations

    • Staff Statistician, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine College of Medicine, Orange, CA.

References 

  1. Harsh GR. Infection complicating penetrating craniocerebral trauma. In:  Coates JB editors. Neurological Surgery of Trauma. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, US Army Medical Service, US Government Printing Office; 1965;p. 135–145
  2. Meriowsky AM. Penetrating wounds of the brain. In:  Coates JB editors. Neurological Surgery of Trauma. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, US Army Medical Service, US Government Printing Office; 1965;p. 103–110
  3. Rowe SN, Turner OA. Observations of infections in penetrating wounds of the head. J Neurosurg. 1945;2:391
  4. Theogaraj SD. Management of facial injuries following craniofacial trauma. In:  Becker DP,  Gudeman SK editor. Head Injury. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1989;p. 348–352
  5. Jaicks RR, Cohn SM, Moller BA. Early fracture fixation may be deleterious after head injury. J Trauma. 1997;42:1
  6. Townsend RN, Lheureau T, Protech J, et al. Timing fracture repair in patients with severe brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score <9). J Trauma. 1998;44:977
  7. el-Degwi A, Mathog RH. Mandible fractures--Medical and economic considerations. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;108:213
  8. Derdyn C, Persing JA, Broaddus WC, et al. Craniofacial trauma: An assessment of risk related to timing of surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990;86:238;246
  9. Manson PN, Crawley WA, Yaremchuk MJ, et al. Midface fractures: Advantages of immediate extended open reduction and bone grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985;76:1
  10. Gruss JS, Mackinnon SE. Complex maxillary fractures: Role of buttress reconstruction and immediate bone grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986;78:9
  11. Brandt KE, Burruss GL, Hickerson WL, et al. The management of mid-face fractures with intracranial injury. J Trauma. 1991;31:15
  12. Kaufman MS, Marciani RD, Thomson SF, et al. Treatment of facial fractures in neurologically injured patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1984;42:250
  13. Velmahos GC, Arroyo H, Ramicone E, et al. Timing of fracture fixation in blunt trauma patients with severe head injuries. Am J Surg. 1998;176:324
  14. Bone LB, Johnson KD, Weigelt J, et al. Early versus delayed stabilization of femoral fractures. J Bone Joint Surg. 1989;71:336
  15. Kotwicka Z, Balcewicz L, Jagodzinkski Z. Head injuries coexistent with pelvic or lower extremity fractures - Early or delayed osteosynthesis. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1990;102:19
  16. Charash WE, Fabian TC, Croce MA. Delayed surgical fixation of femur fractures is a risk factor for pulmonary failure independent of thoracic trauma. J Trauma. 1994;37:667
  17. Behrman SW, Fabian TC, Kudsk KA, et al. Improved outcome with femur fractures: Early versus delayed fixation. J Trauma. 1990;30:792
  18. Press BH, Boies LR, Shons AR. Facial fractures in trauma victims: The influence of treatment delay on ultimate outcome. Ann Plast Surg. 1983;11:121
  19. Davidoff G, Jakubowski M, Thomas D, et al. The spectrum of closed head injuries in facial trauma victims: Incidence and impact. Ann Emerg Med. 1988;17:6
  20. Benzil DL, Robotti E, Dagi TF, et al. Early single-stage repair of complex craniofacial trauma. Neurosurgery. 1992;30:166
  21. Lee KF, Wagner LK, Lee YE, et al. The impact-absorbing effect of facial fractures in closed head injuries: An analysis of 210 patients. J Neurosurg. 1987;66:542
  22. Jennett B, Bond M. Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage: A practical scale. Lancet. 1975;1:480
  23. Jennett B, Teasdale G, Braakman R, et al. Predicting outcome in individual patients after severe head injury. Lancet. 1976;1:1031
  24. Miller JD, Butterworth JF, Gudeman SK, et al. Further experience in the management of severe head injury. J Neurosurg. 1981;54:289
  25. Jane JA, Rimel RW. Prognosis in head injury. Clin Neurosurg. 1982;129:346
  26. Conforti PJ, Haug RH, Likavec C. Management of closed head injury in the patient with maxillofacial trauma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993;51:298

 Supported by the California Cancer Research Program Clinician Scientist Development Award (T.Y.S).

PII: S0278-2391(07)00590-3

doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2006.06.309

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Volume 65, Issue 9 , Pages 1693-1699 , September 2007

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