Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Volume 66, Issue 3 , Pages 421-435 , March 2008

Treatment Protocol for Fractures of the Atrophic Mandible

  • Edward Ellis III, DDS, MS

      Affiliations

    • Professor, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Dr Ellis: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9109
  • ,
  • Chris Price, DDS, MD

      Affiliations

    • Resident, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.

References 

  1. Oliver RC, Brown LJ. Periodontal diseases and tooth loss. Periodontology. 1993;2:117
  2. Beltrán-Aguilar ED, Barker LD, Canto MT, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Surveillance for dental caries, dental sealants, tooth retention, edentulism, and enamel fluorosis, United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2002. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5403a1.htmAccessed November 16, 2007
  3. Grove RD, Hetzel AM National Center for Health Statistics. Life expectancy at birth, at 65 years of age, and at 75 years of age, by race and sex, United States, selected years 1900–2004. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus06.pdf#027Accessed November 16, 2007
  4. US Census Bureau. Profile of general demographic characteristics, 2005. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_submenuId=factsheet_1&_sse=onSoAccessed November 16, 2007
  5. Douglas CW. Review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent. 1990;64:275
  6. Eklund SA, Burt BA. Risk factor for total tooth loss in the United States: Longitudinal analysis of national data. J Public Health Dent. 1994;51:5
  7. Caplan DJ, Weintraub JA. The oral health burden in the United States: A summary of recent epidemiologic studies. J Dent Educ. 1993;57:853
  8. Hunter JM, Arbona ST. The tooth as a marker of developing world quality of life: A field study in Guatemala. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41:1217
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Total tooth loss among persons age > or = 65 years, selected states, 1995–1997. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr//preview/mmwrhtml/00056723.htmAccessed November 16, 2007
  10. Esan TA, Olusile AO, Akeredolu PA, et al. Socio-demographic factors and edentulism: The Nigerian experience. BMC Oral Health. 2004;4:3
  11. Okoisor FE. Tooth mortality: A clinical study of causes of loss. Nig Med J. 1977;7:77
  12. Odusanya SA. Tooth loss among Nigerians: Causes and pattern of mortality. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1987;16:184
  13. Campbell RL. A comparative study of the resorption of the alveolar ridges in denture-wearers and non–denture-wearers. J Am Dent Assoc. 1960;60:143
  14. Jozefowicz W. The influence of wearing dentures on residual ridges: A comparative study. J Prosthet Dent. 1970;24:137
  15. Mugino H, Takagi S, Oya R, et al. Miniplate osteosythesis of fractures of the edentulous mandible. Clin Oral Invest. 2005;9:266
  16. Bruce RA, Strachan DS. Fractures of the edentulous mandible: The Chalmers J. Lyons Academy study. J Oral Surg. 1976;34:973
  17. Bruce RA, Ellis E. The second Chalmers J. Lyons Academy study of fractures of the edentulous mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993;51:904
  18. Buchbinder D. Treatment of fractures of the edentulous mandible, 1943 to 1993: A review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993;51:1174
  19. Luhr HG, Reidick T, Merten HA. Results of treatment of fractures of the atrophic edentulous mandible by compression plating. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996;54:250
  20. Eyrich GK, Gratz KW, Sailer HF. Surgical treatment of fractures of the edentulous mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997;55:1081
  21. Iatrou I, Samaras C, Lygidakis NT. Miniplate osteosynthesis for fractures of the edentulous mandible: A clinical study, 1989–1996. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1998;26:400
  22. Kunz C, Hammer B, Prein J. Fractures of the edentulous atrophic mandible: Management and complications [in German]. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir. 2001;5:227
  23. Wittwer G, Adeyemo WL, Turbani D, et al. Fractures based on the degree of atrophy: Experience with different plating systems (A retrospective study). J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;64:230
  24. Allard RKS, Lekkas C. Unusual healing of a fracture of an atrophic mandible. J Oral Surg. 1983;55:560
  25. Zachariades N, Papavassiliou D, Triantafyllou D, et al. Fractures of the facial skeleton in the edentulous patient. J Maxillofac Surg. 1984;12:262
  26. Rosenthal RA, Kavic SM. Assessment and management of the geriatric patient. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(suppl):4
  27. Hazzard W, Blass JP, Ettinger WH, et al. Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology. In: (ed 5). New York: McGraw-Hill; 2003;p. 361
  28. Scott RF. Oral and maxillofacial trauma in the geriatric patient. In:  Fonseca RJ,  Walker RV,  Betts NJ, et al. editor. Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma. vol 2:Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 1997;p. 1045
  29. Barber HD. Conservative management of the fractured atrophic edentulous mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001;59:789
  30. Marciani RD. Invasive management of the fractured atrophic edentulous mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001;59:792
  31. Bradley JC. Age changes in the vascular supply of the mandible. Br Dent J. 1972;132:142
  32. Bradley JC. A radiological investigation into the age changes of the inferior dental artery. Br J Oral Surg. 1975;13:82
  33. Friedenberg ZB, French G. The effect of known compression forces on fracture healing. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1952;94:743
  34. Müller ME, Allgöwer M, Willenegger H. Technique of Internal Fixation of Fractures. In: New York: Springer-Verlag; 1965;p. 17
  35. Petrokov V. Die acromio-claviculare Lucation. Bruns Beitr klin Chir. 1959;199:143
  36. Phillips JH, Rahn BA. Fixation effects on membranous and endochondral onlay bone-graft resorption. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1988;82:872
  37. LaTrenta GS, McCarthy JG, Breitbart AS, et al. The role of rigid skeletal fixation in bone graft augmentation of the craniofacial skeleton. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989;84:578
  38. Lin KY, Bartlett SP, Yaremchuk M, et al. The effect of rigid fixation on the survival of onlay bone grafts: An experimental study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990;86:449
  39. Sullivan PK, Rosenstein DA, Holmes RE, et al. Bone-graft reconstruction of the monkey orbital floor with iliac grafts and titanium mesh plates: A histometric study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993;91:769
  40. Spiessl B. Internal Fixation of the Mandible. In: New York: Springer-Verlag; 1989;p. 223
  41. Prein J. Comment on Newman L: The role of autogenous primary rib grafts in treating fractures of the atrophic edentulous mandible. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1995;33:386
  42. Schilli W, Stoll P, Bähr W, et al. Mandibular fractures. In:  Prein J editors. Manual of Internal Fixation in the Cranio-Facial Skeleton: Techniques Recommended by the AO/ASIF Maxillofacial Group. New York: Springer; 1998;p. 87
  43. Obwegeser HL, Sailer HF. Another way of treating fractures of the atrophic edentulous mandible. J Maxillofac Surg. 1973;1:213
  44. Alpert B. Discussion of Eyrich GK, Gratz KW, Sailer HF: Surgical treatment of fractures of the edentulous mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997;55:1087
  45. Champy M, Wilk A, Schnebelen JM. Treatment of mandibular fractures by means of osteosynthesis without intermaxillary immobilization according to FX Michelet’s technique [in German]. Zahn Mund Kieferheilkd Zentralbl. 1975;63:339
  46. Iizuka T, Lindqvist C. Sensory disturbances associated with rigid internal fixation of mandibular fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991;49:1264
  47. Toma VS, Mathog RH, Toma RS, et al. Transoral versus extraoral reduction of mandible fractures: A comparison of complication rates and other factors. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;128:215
  48. Rücker M, Binger T, Deltcheva K, et al. Reduction of midfacial periosteal perfusion failure by subperiosteal versus supraperiosteal dissection. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;63:87
  49. Frost D, Tucker M, White R. Small plate fixation for fixation of mandibular fractures. In:  Tucker MR,  Terry BC,  White RP, et al. editor. Rigid Fixation in Maxillofacial Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott; 1991;p. 104
  50. Thaller SR. Fractures of the edentulous mandible: A retrospective review. J Craniofac Surg. 1993;4:491
  51. Champy M, Lodde JP, Schmitt R, et al. Mandibular osteosynthesis by miniature screwed plates via a buccal approach. J Maxillofac Surg. 1978;6:14
  52. Tate GS, Ellis E, Throckmorton GS. Bite forces in patients treated for mandibular angle fractures: Implications for fixation recommendations. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994;52:734
  53. Braun S, Bantleon HP, Hnat WP, et al. A study of bite force (Part 2: Relationship to various cephalometric measurements). Angle Orthod. 1995;65:373
  54. Tucker MR. An in vitro study of the effect of bony buttressing on fixation strength of a fractured atrophic edentulous mandible model. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;58:62
  55. Hylander WL, Johnson KR. Jaw muscle function and wishboning of the mandible during mastication in macaques and baboons. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1994;94:523
  56. Choi B-H, Huh J-Y, Suh C-H, et al. An in vitro evaluation of miniplate fixation techniques for fractures of the atrophic edentulous mandible. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34:174
  57. Sikes JW, Smith BR, Mukherjee DP. An in vitro study of the effect of bony buttressing on fixation strength of a fractured atrophic edentulous mandible model. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;58:56
  58. Haug RH, Street CC, Goltz M. Does plate adaptation affect stability? (A biomechanical comparison of locking and non-locking plates). J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002;60:1319
  59. Prein J, Rahn BA. Scientific and technical background. In:  Prein J editors. Manual of Internal Fixation in the Cranio-Facial Skeleton: Techniques Recommended by the AO/ASIF Maxillofacial Group. New York: Springer; 1998;p. 9
  60. Gutwald R, Büscher P, Schramm A, et al. Biomechanical stability of an internal mini-fixation system in maxillofacial osteosynthesis. Med Biol Eng Comp. 1999;37(Suppl 2):280
  61. Sikes JW, Smith BR, Mukherjee DP, et al. Comparison of fixation strengths of locking head and conventional screws. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998;56:468
  62. Madsen MJ, Haug RH. A biomechanical comparison of 2 techniques for reconstructing atrophic edentulous mandible fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;64:457
  63. Militsakh ON, Wallace DI, Driet JD, et al. Use of the 2.0-mm locking reconstruction plate in primary oromandibular reconstruction after composite resection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;131:660
  64. Boyne PJ, Upham C. The treatment of long-standing bilateral fracture non- and mal-union in atrophic edentulous mandibles. Int J Oral Surg. 1974;3:213
  65. Thoma KH. Progressive atrophy of the mandible complicated by fractures: Its reconstruction. Oral Surg. 1960;13:4
  66. Newman L. The role of autogenous primary rib grafts in treating fractures of the atrophic edentulous mandible. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1995;33:381
  67. Thoma KH, Holland DJ. Atrophy of the mandible. Oral Surg. 1951;4:1477
  68. Marciani RD, Hill OJ. Treatment of the fractured edentulous mandible. J Oral Surg. 1979;37:569
  69. Woods WR, Hiatt WR, Borrks RL. A technique for simultaneous fracture repair and augmentation of the atrophic edentulous mandible. J Oral Surg. 1974;37:131
  70. James DR. Atrophy of the mandible: Reconstruction following fracture. Br J Oral Surg. 1976;44:156
  71. Miloro M, Quinn PD. Prevention of recurrent pathologic fracture of the atrophic mandible using inferior border grafting: Report of two cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994;52:414
  72. Louis P, Holmes J, Fernandes R. Resorbable mesh as a containment system in reconstruction of the atrophic mandible fracture. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;62:719
  73. Alty HM. Pathologic mandibular fractures. Br Dent J. 1963;114:188
  74. Van de Mark TB, Weinberg S, Zosky JG, et al. Pathological fracture resulting from mandibular atrophy: Report of two cases. J Can Dent Assoc. 1969;35:98

PII: S0278-2391(07)01945-3

doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2007.08.042

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Volume 66, Issue 3 , Pages 421-435 , March 2008